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Constitutional Law

Gay Marriage Ban Wins in Calif., Raising Doubts on 18,000 Weddings

Posted Nov 5, 2008 7:13 AM CST
By Debra Cassens Weiss

Updated: A proposed constitutional amendment to ban gay marriage in California has passed, raising questions about the estimated 18,000 gay weddings performed in the state.

The California Supreme Court had ruled 4-3 in May that gays have a constitutional right to marry. The Los Angeles Times reports that the constitutional amendment to overturn that ruling, known as Proposition 8, passed with the approval of about 52 percent of the voters.

State Attorney General Jerry Brown has said gay marriages already performed will remain valid, but his opinion is likely be contested, the Sacramento Business Journal says.

Yet Brown plans to defend the proposition in court challenges, consistent with the role of his office. Three petitions challenging the referendum were filed in the California Supreme Court on Wednesday.

At issue is whether the change is an amendment to the state Constitution that can be approved by a simple majority of the voters or a far-reaching revision requiring either a two-thirds vote of the legislature or a constitutional convention.

Lawyers, judges and law professors had contributed more than $1.6 million to campaigns for and against the amendment, the Daily Journal reported last week. Irell & Manella partner Eric Webber was one of two lawyers listed in the story as donating $25,000 to committees fighting over Proposition 8; Webber donated to groups opposing the anti-gay marriage amendment.

Webber is one of seven Irell & Manella lawyers that contributed at least $5,000 each to fight Proposition 8, the AmLaw Daily reports. A $15,000 contributor, Laura Brill, wrote an amicus brief that had asked the California Supreme Court to strike down the state’s gay marriage ban.

On the other side is Knobbe Martens Olson & Bear, the law firm “most united in its opposition to gay marriage,” according to the AmLaw Daily.

While the law firm has not taken a position on Proposition 8, lawyers there donated $23,500 in support of the measure since Oct.1 and only $6,000 to groups opposing it, the story says.

Updated at 10:20 a.m. to include news that the Los Angeles Times is reporting the measure has been approved. Updated on Nov. 6 to clarify that Knobbe Martens has not taken a position on Proposition 8. Updated on Nov. 7 to include news of the petitions challenging the referendum.

Comments

1.

No Name Given
Nov 5, 2008 12:01 PM CST

Marriage is Marriage, even in California.

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2.

ConLaw Buff
Nov 5, 2008 12:40 PM CST

A Constitutional Amendment by simple majority…I think someone is overlooking something here.  Not too mention the Federal Equal Protection argument still outstanding.

It may take awhile but equality is coming, like it or not.

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3.

Ellen Barshevsky
Nov 5, 2008 3:48 PM CST

Comment removed by moderator.

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4.

Need 2nd wife
Nov 7, 2008 9:29 AM CST

If it is ok for two consenting adults to marry, when will it be ok for 3?

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5.

Ellen Fan
Nov 7, 2008 9:41 AM CST

Now wait a minute, moderator, I specifically clicked on this story because I wanted to hear Ellen Barshevsky’s thoughtful analysis on the topic! Now I see it’s been removed? Censorship!

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6.

Student 2L
Nov 7, 2008 9:44 AM CST

I think one of the couples that tried to get married and have since been denied should file for injunction. Then this will eventually make it’s way to the US Sup. Court where it can be addressed under Equal Protection as it should be. When did marriage stop being a fundemental right? Oh, when CA said so on Tuesday - it just doesn’t seem to fly legally.

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7.

Dan
Nov 7, 2008 9:49 AM CST

#4, when you’ve worked out the multiple issues of intestate succession, default medical and legal proxy when one spouse out of three is impaired and the other two disagree about a decision, and the easy loophole to the rule against perpetuities by “marrying” your child’s spouse, then having them “marry” their nephew- or neice-in-law, etc.
Your slippery slope argument is obvious and naive.

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8.

Dan
Nov 7, 2008 9:51 AM CST

Student 2L, you might want to review fundamental rights and due process rather than equal protection before exam time.

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9.

TaxAtty
Nov 7, 2008 10:33 AM CST

CA isn’t the first state (nor is it likely the last) to make such an amendment to it’s the state constitution.  Also, it’s only RB review, I believe.  But then again I’m a tax person so what do I know. (RE comment 4)

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10.

TaxAtty
Nov 7, 2008 10:36 AM CST

Opps.  I meant to say: “(RE comment 6.)”

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11.

L.N. Barshevsky
Nov 7, 2008 11:07 AM CST

Free Ellen!  Don’t silence our FAVORITE poster.

Seriously, though, I’m a Californian (straight, married, two kids) and I’m utterly ashamed that Prop. 8 passed.  How extraordinary that we’ve amended our state constitution precisely to institutionalize discrimination against a class of our own citizens.  It is an absolute disgrace. 

Religious nuts may now commence flaming.

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12.

Minority Woman
Nov 7, 2008 12:19 PM CST

L.N. Barshevsky:

Suprised that you would even mention “religious nuts” in your comment. Assuming I voted yes on Prop. 8, does that make me a religious nut? I guess anyone who opposes a lifestyle choice automatically hates the person who makes that choice? Not so. I’m sick and tired of people calling Prop. 8 proponents bigots and haters. To do so is unfair and utterly inaccurate. Since when is it okay to call someone who adheres to their religious beliefs a bigot?

There is a definite legal tension, isn’t there? First Amendment….anyone remember that? And not just for the Establishment clause.

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13.

Gracchus
Nov 7, 2008 12:38 PM CST

#12:  Let’s call it what it is:  when a person supports, either with her vote or with money, a proposition to deny a group of citizens their full civil rights, that is bigotry regardless of the rationalization you want to use.  Need i remind you that the bible was frequently used to justify preventing women from having full rights in this country, not to mention the religious arguments in favor of slavery that were dominant until the second half of the 20th century?  You can use religion to justify bigotry, but it is still bigotry.  Deal with it.

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14.

Minority Woman
Nov 7, 2008 1:03 PM CST

#13:

So essentially you are calling me a bigot? Well, I am not a bigot…how judgmental of you. You don’t even know me. But if you choose to call me that, it is of course your right, which I respect, unlike most faith-haters in the world today.

We obviously fundamentally disagree on what is a right. I do not wish for anyone’s CIVIL or fundamental rights to be denied. Everyone should be free to have those (this includes the rights associated with civil unions or marriage). However, I do not agree that to change the definition of what “marriage” is, is a right. That is not fundamental. Fundamentally, it is between a man and a woman. That’s what I don’t get. People are forcing me to accept what they do, and I cannot deny what I believe. I should not be forced to make that choice.

I think too many people confuse what’s really at the core of this argument.

And no, you do not need to remind me that people used the Bible for justifying women’s rights and to favor slavery….I am not an idiot.

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15.

TaxMan
Nov 7, 2008 1:05 PM CST

Re: 12. It is ok to call someone who adheres to their religious beliefs a bigot when they feel free to impose those beliefs on to, and to the detriment of, others. I’d say that those who voted yes on Prop 8 are obstinately convinced of the superiority of their own opinions and prejudiced against those who hold different opinions, but it is just so much easier to use the word bigot.

I wish those who claim to rely on their religious beliefs as the basis for taking away the rights of others would let people live their lives freely and let God sort out what’s right and wrong when we die. Silly me! That would be too easy. And if you can’t hurt gay people, where would that leave you? Invading Iran, no doubt.

Enjoy your bigotry and good luck on judgment day.

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16.

Patent Attorney
Nov 7, 2008 1:12 PM CST

Like LN Barshevsky, I, too, am ashamed that Prop. 8 passed.

I am particularly disappointed that the minorities who supported the proposition failed to recognize the old “separate but equal” argument.  Sure, same-sex couples in California have essentially the equivalent rights of marriage under the domestic partnership laws, but how is that different from having separate drinking fountains for whites and “coloreds”.  It’s the same water, after all.  The point is, separate is NOT equal, and when you single out a group, a MINORITY, and exclude them from the rights that everyone else has, it IS discrimination.

Another point:  as educated people, I would have hoped that attorneys would have accepted the fact that there is clear scientific evidence that homosexuality is not a lifestyle choice; it is biologically determined.  On the other hand, practicing a particular religion is a lifestyle choice—would you support discrimination against other religions?

Don’t forget, Leviticus also tells us that eating shellfish is an abomination.  If you’ve ever eaten lobster or clams, you might be the next target for discrimination.

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17.

Obummer
Nov 7, 2008 1:18 PM CST

Isn’t it time that the State got out of the business of marriage all together. The law should simply require individuals who want to share a relationship together to contract at the start of the relationship as to what will happen in the event of a breakup. Rather than trying to figure it out after the fact via litigation. The law should be designed to prevent litigation in the case of a dissolution of such relationships, not promote it. The regular contract rules or some variant would apply to any disputes that might arise. The legislation would simply specify the essential terms need for such relationship contracts. Thereby eliminating much of the litigation issues. While some issues may still need to be litigated, they would be significantly reduced in scope and number. All those who wanted to be “married” in the religious sense would still have the right to exercise their religous freedom to do so, seperate from the recognized shared relationship under the contract. The State would simply not get involved in the dissolution of the religous marriage.

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18.

Minority Woman
Nov 7, 2008 1:49 PM CST

16:

Wow…it’s as if you didn’t even read my response. You’re so concerned about pushing your agenda, you run right over what I’ve said. You use these sweeping judgments and you’re arguments are flawed, my friend.  But feel free to get fired up over your own ignorance and intolerance for those who have beliefs in things greater than themselves. That must be a new concept for you.


And 16: I definitely agree with you. The state should stay out of it.

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19.

Dan
Nov 7, 2008 1:57 PM CST

“However, I do not agree that to change the definition of what “marriage” is, is a right. That is not fundamental. Fundamentally, it is between a man and a woman.”

MW, you *are* changing the definition of marriage to suit your own agenda.
Marriage is a civil contract between two consenting adults and the state.
*Weddings* are religious ceremonies performed by a church.
You can be married without ever setting foot in a church or having a wedding.
You can be wed without ever appearing before a clerk, but you sure aren’t married.
What you’re trying to do is redefine marriage as a religious union between a man and a woman, and frankly, the multi-thousand year histories of the terms marriage *and* wedding would beg to disagree with your new interpretation.

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20.

quitter
Nov 7, 2008 2:11 PM CST

Just to keep the flame going, Ted Bundy got married during his murder trial and had conjugal visits on death row which produced 2 children. I often wonder, why is the govt in the business of marraige? Is this the kind of marraige we want to keep sacred? One male serial killer and one delusional women. I’d rather have Adam and Steve raising the 2 kids.

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21.

Minority Woman
Nov 7, 2008 2:13 PM CST

Dan: You’re right…I’m doing it to suit my OWN agenda….(sarcasm intended).

Actually, if you look historically at the definition of marriage, it wasn’t until recently the definition included any consenting adults.

So whose agenda changed the historical meaning?

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22.

Dan
Nov 7, 2008 2:30 PM CST

Nice try, MW, but marriage has always required consent. It’s just that consent of the parties could be substituted by consent of their masters. Nonetheless, this is irrelevant to my main point which is that *you* are trying to change the definition of marriage from the contract with the state to some new amalgamation of religious and secular into marriage/wedding combination.

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23.

Minority Woman
Nov 7, 2008 2:30 PM CST

Quitter:

*chuckling*...I think you managed to offend everyone with that comment.

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24.

Dan
Nov 7, 2008 2:34 PM CST

“... amalgamation of the religious and secular into a marriage/wedding combination.”

That’s what I get for walking away mid-comment and returning.

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25.

Gracchus
Nov 7, 2008 2:41 PM CST

Minority Woman: I am sorry you feel it is unfair or unjust to call you a bigot, but the more you contribute to this discussion, the more apt the description appears to be. 

Our history is rife with examples of exclusion from and discrimination in marriage.  Miscegenation laws were only struck down a little more than 40 years ago.  Laws made wives inferior to their husbands as recently as the 1970s and 80s.  Until the 1940s and 50s, it was almost impossible for people to terminate a failed or abusive marriage through divorce.  It was even against the law for married and unmarried couples to make decisions about whether to use contraceptives or raise children.

In each case, proponents of these laws claimed the laws were essentially part of the traditional “definition of marriage” and “God’s will.”

So I have to wonder, which of these “traditional” definitions of marriage are you arguing for?  The one that says that a black person cannot marry a white person?  The one that says wives are merely the chattel property of their husbands?  The one that says a wife must stay in a marriage no matter how much her husband beats her?  Or just the one that says that a wife cannot decide for herself whether to have children or use contraceptives?

Then I have to wonder, what would you think if a more politically powerful group of citizens passed a constitutional amendment to enshrine any or all of these versions of “traditional family values” into the constitution?  Would you feel that this country betrayed the principles of equality and individual liberty to which it aspires?  Would you feel anger toward ignorant and bigoted voters who do not bother to think past trite sloganeering and expect you to just sit in your place at the back of the bus and be grateful you can still ride the bus?

Or maybe not…

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26.

Craig
Nov 7, 2008 2:45 PM CST

#12 - It’s one thing to have your freedom of speech and express your disdain for same-sex relationships.  But it is totally unacceptable for you to impose your restricted religious views on me through the *civil* legal system.  The Establishment Clause (and common decency) prohibits the government from taking your religious view and imposing it on me through the *civil* laws governing us all.

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27.

Craig
Nov 7, 2008 2:51 PM CST

I think the marriage equality voices have it.  Now to the more important business of un-doing what was just (illegally) done on Tuesday….

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28.

Dan
Nov 7, 2008 2:54 PM CST

Well said, Gracchus.
They tried to place an anti-gay marriage amendment referendum on the Massachusetts ballot in 2004, and quite wisely, the secretary of state refused to let the majority vote on the rights of the minority. Imagine if they had been able to place an anti-miscegenation amendment after Loving.

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29.

Eleanor
Nov 7, 2008 4:02 PM CST

Gracchus (24) hit it on the head. I couldn’t agree more.
One point that no one appears to have addressed yet is Minority Woman’s statement about opposing a “lifestyle choice”. 
I doubt that Minority Woman chose to be a minority.  The truth is that she didn’t have any choice because being a minority is part of her biological (genetic) make-up.  Homosexuality is also biologically determined—it isn’t a lifestyle choice any more than race or ethnicity. If it were a choice, how would you explain homosexual behavior in non-human species such as other primates, birds and even insects? Evolutionary biologists have found evidence that genetic controls are involved in both homo- and bisexuality.  A gene was identified over 40 years ago that causes homosexual behavior in fruit flies. 
The way one choses to live with their biological make-up is another thing.  There are gay extremists and black extremists whose behavior may be offensive to others just like there are gays and blacks who choose to live in the mainstream.  Minority Woman is living in the mainstream but feels that homosexuals should be denied that same right, and that is unfair.

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30.

Embarassed Californian
Nov 7, 2008 4:07 PM CST

Minority woman: in #13 you state: “We obviously fundamentally disagree on what is a right. I do not wish for anyone’s CIVIL or fundamental rights to be denied. Everyone should be free to have those (this includes the rights associated with civil unions or marriage). However, I do not agree that to change the definition of what “marriage” is, is a right. That is not fundamental. Fundamentally, it is between a man and a woman. That’s what I don’t get. People are forcing me to accept what they do, and I cannot deny what I believe. I should not be forced to make that choice. ”

I take great acception to that. The “definition” of marriage was NEVER in the constitution prior to this amendment! No one in the law has ever defined marriage - so it is only through Prop 8 that it is defined. I don’t know if you’re a bigot, religious zealout, or just plain scared ... but for an educated person to not understand that Prop 8 is discriminatory, is simply unfathomable to me. What in the world is the harm done when two consenting adult gays are legally married? Taking away the right will NOT shut gays out, diminish their number, or in some way “turn” them straight. Prop 8 simply denies them a right that all other Californians have - the right to be married. No harm, no foul.

Please open your eyes to all the Prop 8 supporters ... it IS discrimination. How can it not be?

For anyone thinking I’m gay, I’m not - I’m LEGALLY married to someone of the opposite sex and have two beautiful girls. I do, however, have friends and relatives who are gay. And I have friends who are of many different ancestries, nationalities, religions and ages. I would not want to see anyone of them denied the same rights I enjoy - there is simply no reason to do so. I have yet to hear or read an argument that resonates with me regarding Prop 8. As the “no” campaign stated, it’s wrong and unfair.

I believe strongly that it will be struck down - if not by the CA court, then by the USSC (afterall, by the time it works its way up there, at least one of Obama’s appointees will be there.)

Oh, one last thought - let me get this straight, our nation overcame it’s long oppression of blacks to elect our first African-American president, but on the very same day we decided that two gay individuals in California cannot get married? Talk about one step forward and two steps back!

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31.

Buster
Nov 7, 2008 7:05 PM CST

Does anyone have a comment on why African Americans in most parts of CA voted yes on Prop 8? Could it be because we African Americans are tired of hearing the same tired and innacurate equation of gay rights to the black civil rights struggle? Miscegenation laws prohibiting marriage between a man and a woman of different races are not the same as a law that says that a marriage is only between one man and one woman. The miscegenation laws were interfering with the right of a man and woman to marry and it is misleading to equate that to gay marriage. It was still an issue about marriage between a man and a woman and that is what the courts and the constitution found was unlawful. Gay people can obtain the same privileges through civil unions in CA.

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32.

Eleanor
Nov 7, 2008 7:36 PM CST

Buster:
Remember “Separate but Equal”?  It’s the very fact that it’s separate that makes it unequal.

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33.

Gracchus
Nov 8, 2008 12:06 PM CST

Buster, I think there were several reasons why the African American community supported Prop 8.  First, it appears the No on 8 campaign may have done a poor job of voter education in minority communities generally.  This is a long-standing problem because the white GLBT community frequently fails to consider cultural differences between them and GLBT people of color, so it is probably not surprising that there was not a strong focus on outreach into minority communities, either African American or Hispanic.

Second, there appears to have been a concerted effort by Yes on 8 forces to reach out to church communities.  The church is a very strong influence in African American and Hispanic communities, and because there is generally weekly (if not more) access to these communities in churches, it is little wonder that the Yes on 8 forces, with their heavily church-financed resources, were very successful in persuading minority congregants to vote Yes.

Finally, in both the African American and Hispanic communities, there is still a very strong emphasis on machismo that causes greater levels of discomfort with homosexuality in those communities.

I believe Eleanor is on the right track, though.  “Separate but Equal” is a concept that resonates well particularly with African American communities, who know from their own experiences how unequal “Separate but Equal” actually is.

If we are to change minds in those communities, it is going to be necessary for us to be more proactive in finding ways to appeal to minority voters in ways that do not assume the white experience.

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34.

CaliGirl
Nov 9, 2008 9:55 PM CST

This was different from constitutional amendments in other states that banned gay marriage—there, it wasn’t allowed at the time it was banned.  Here, it WAS legal for 4 months, and then that right was taken away by majority vote.  Sometimes what’s popular and what’s right aren’t the same thing.  Taking away the rights of a minority group shouldn’t be based on majority vote. 

To #16: you just put a bunch of my Family Law practitioner friends out of business!  I like your idea, though.  Couple that with mandatory training and an exam before a license is granted, and I think you may be on to something. 

Currently they’ll hand out “licenses” to just about any couple with a pulse (as long as they’re opposite genders)—they should just call them “permits” since there are no qualifying criteria.

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35.

John
Nov 10, 2008 1:36 PM CST

19 has this exactly correct.  The state needs to stay out of marriage altogether, however they do not for this reason: all states need people.  People to tax, to defend the country, and to invade other countries.  No, this is not a comment for or against gay marriage, war, or taxes, so step away from the keyboard.  The short argument against gay marriage is that there is little to no likelihood for them to have and raise children.  Children replace adults who can be taxed after the adults die from old age or war.  Any civilization without children will die.  The state does not care, or have a reason to care if you want to form a contractual relationship with a partner, unless you are going to be raising children.  If you are then the state wants to know they are being raised in the best environment, so they will pay the most taxes, and be mentally stable to fight in war. 
Marriage is a permit from the state to have children with the state’s blessing.  I am a religious nut, and I wish the state would not have required my wife and I to get a permit, but they did.  I would prefer the state to stay out of sanctioning marriage of one kind, but I see that their interest needs to be protected.  You must have warriors to fight and farmers to tax, otherwise how do the powerful stay in power.  They might have to do actual work, ich.
All this said I am becoming more and more of an Ayn Rander, so don’t call me a communist.  I love capitalism, except when the state tries to take so much of what I have worked so hard for, so spare me the rhetoric.  I am an ultralibertarian.

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36.

HP
Nov 11, 2008 2:10 PM CST

It may sound appealing for the state to “get out of the marriage business” entirely.  But so long as the state provides some differential treatment (whether benefits or responsibilities) to married as opposed to single people, there needs to be a bright line as to who is and is not subject to that treatment.

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