Constitutional Law
Law Profs Shocked By DOJ Memos About Bush Presidential Powers
Posted Mar 4, 2009 3:52 PM CST
By Martha Neil
Law professors with differing political perspectives agree on one thing after seeing the recently released U.S. Department of Justice legal memos outlining the scope of presidential power during the Bush administration: They went too far.
Written over a several-year period after the Sept. 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, the since-countermanded memos created what Jack Balkin of Yale Law School calls a "theory of presidential dictatorship," reports the Chicago Tribune. Because the entire world was considered a battlefield, Bush was determined to have enormous powers in any situation involving the military and an identified enemy.
"I agree with the left on this one," Orin Kerr of George Washington University tells the newspaper. The approach taken by the memos "was simply not a plausible reading of the case law."
Additional coverage:
ABAJournal.com: "DOJ Memo Allowed Free Speech Curbs, Military Force Against US Terrorists"
ABAJournal.com: "John Yoo Says His Memos ‘Were Not for Public Consumption’"
Bloomberg (opinion): "Recession-Proof Jobs Shelter Bush’s Bum Lawyers: Ann Woolner "
Updated at 4:45 p.m. on March 6 to include link to Bloomberg commentary.

Comments
J.D.
Mar 4, 2009 4:36 PM CST
I wonder how shocked they will all be when Obama reauthorizes such activity to stop another attack—- or when an attack occurs because he doesn’t reauthorize the powers.
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B. McLeod
Mar 4, 2009 7:15 PM CST
Obviously, there is no empirical evidence that these Bush policies stopped any attacks, or that there even was a real, continuing threat. After one (1) attack, Bush beat the battle drum constantly for another 8 years, with nothing but his claim that he was “protecting” us against some nebulous threat. This is analogous to Hitler setting up the Reichstag fire to justify his own seizure of power. An unverifiable threat is a slender reed on which to hang a dictatorial power-grab. Even in the Roman Republic, the Senate had to agree to invoke the consulta ultima. We see in these memos how Bush tried to do it solo. Although his sworn duty was to protect and defend the constitution, he savaged it like a rabid dog, for his own personal aggrandizement. In addition to being a moron and a liar, with phony religious pretenses, he was also an oathbreaker and a traitor to his country. Good riddance to the strutting little popinjay.
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brad
Mar 4, 2009 8:00 PM CST
blah blah blah. When it is all said and done, what the Bush administration did on office for 8 years will pale in comparison to the destruction the Obama administartion accomplishes in less than half that time. Congrats America, you deserve it.
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tim
Mar 5, 2009 9:26 AM CST
Obama does whatever his buddies tell him to do. Obama can’t think on his own.
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J.D.
Mar 5, 2009 9:30 AM CST
McLoed, you admit there is “no empirical evidence” to show that Bush’s policies prevented the deaths of another 3,000 people—but you also aren’t arguing that they didn’t, in fact, spare lives.
So why are you so willing to spew venom on the guy when perhaps your own life was spared by these policies?
Or do YOU have empirical evidence that the policies didn’t help?
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associate
Mar 5, 2009 9:34 AM CST
I just can’t get over the fact that law professors at Yale and GW hate Bush. It’s absolutely unthinkable that those bastions of true conservative thought would smear someone so bad just because he didn’t hold to their ideology.
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Paul the Magyar
Mar 5, 2009 11:47 AM CST
Most of these comments do not address the substance of the artice or call into question the premise that the legal work underpinning the memos was sloppy, poorly-reasoned, inadequate to the purposes intended, and likely to lead to major errors of policy and action.
Just give the memos’ authors a pass because their politics were “politically correct” for the Bush Administration. “Damn the consequences, full speed ahead.”
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JR
Mar 5, 2009 12:22 PM CST
Beneath all the silly and ad hominem attacks on President Obama, none of the dittoheads posting here defends the Yoo et al. memos on their substance or shows how Yoo and his cronies read the law properly.
These defenses of Bush—allegedly he saved lives—amount to the end justifies the means. What a thing for lawyers to say. Perhaps we need to introduce a new course in law school about the need for the Rule of Law or perhaps make students watch “A Man for All Seasons.”
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B. McLeod
Mar 5, 2009 12:49 PM CST
J.D., whether the Bush policies “helped” or not, they would not sustain an effort to unilaterally grab dictatorial powers. That effort is, however, particularly absurb in the absence of any evidence that the policies even served any function (other than the intended function of backing Bush’s dictatorial power grab). As evidenced by his own remarks concerning pursuit of “political capital,” and the observations of past staffers on his “never ending campaign,” Bush’s policies weren’t about doing ANYTHING for the country. The pompous, egomaniacal imbecile thought the Presidency was all about him. As it turned out, he was ultimately too stupid even to make himself look good, despite all the lies he spewed, and even with the resources of an entire nation at his disposal. Last poll I saw, he was ranked in the bottom 5 of all past U.S. presidents, substantially below Richard Nixon and Herbert Hoover. That’s just how completely rotten the little bastard was.
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J.D.
Mar 5, 2009 3:06 PM CST
“they would not sustain an effort to unilaterally grab dictatorial powers.”
Huh? You’re all over the place, making no sense.
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Paul the Magyar
Mar 5, 2009 4:29 PM CST
Yes, and Mussolini and Hitler made the trains run on time, so all the rest of it is just petty carping.
Only, after we found that there were no WMD in Iraq, we argued that we were deposing a tyrant who did not respect human rights and rule of law. We argued that we were establishing democracy, civil rights and rule of law and other ideals enshrined in our Constitution. But now we say that those ideals are not important, either. And we don’t just say it, we back it up with memos and action!
The inherent contradictions are too difficult to reason away—in fact, impossible.
It is so much easier—and far less time-consuming—to sound off and bluster and use exaggeration, ridicule and false analogies than to do research. These issues are, however, matters of life and death and too serious for such shenanigans.
The problem is expressed well in an essay titled, “SENTIENT MAN’S BURDEN” which can be found at the Gin and Tacos website: http://www.ginandtacos.com/?p=1281
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B. McLeod
Mar 5, 2009 6:53 PM CST
Sorry, J.D., let’s try simpler words, with fewer syllables. Even if the policies “helped” that still would not justify letting Little Bastard be Caesar. But, since we don’t really even have a reason to think they “helped,” there is even less justification (and I know that is almost impossible) for his power grab.
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AG
Mar 6, 2009 7:03 AM CST
MeLeod, your getting away from the question that JD first asked you ... is there evidence to show that the policies did not help ... lets answer that question before we resort to angry asumptions and name calling.
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JHPacha
Mar 6, 2009 7:26 AM CST
I believe McLeod already answered J.D.‘s question and he even used simpler words for this purpose.
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gea
Mar 6, 2009 7:28 AM CST
I agree with number 12, since I don’t care if your way of doing things, saves me money, makes me younger, keeps me from being knifed in the back, I still want to have the choice to go down that back alley and throw my money away on “whatever” and I don’t want a dictator with cronies tellliing him how to do it, as well as how to think and spell toothpaste. I also find the conservative professors comments disingenous, since Bush DID grab power and it is not a figment of our collective imagination, and we allowed him.
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VA Carney
Mar 6, 2009 7:30 AM CST
A little girl was walking her chihuahua down Park Avenue in New York City. A little boy approached her and scornfully asked what good was such an animal. The little girl replied “He protects me from lions.” The boy sneered “That’s ridiculous.” To which the girl responded “Do you see any lions around here?”
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CJC
Mar 6, 2009 7:38 AM CST
What about the practical reality that the executive can watch or search or arrest whoever s/he wants without any enhanced “legal opinions” or Patriot Acts? If all of these rationalizations for the abuses of the Bush/Cheney executive power grab were occuring or true, I’m sure any lawyer could convince a judge to approve of their action.
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Free
Mar 6, 2009 7:45 AM CST
The Constitution still works even when those in power attempt to subvert it. The dialogue is therapy.
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Rita
Mar 6, 2009 7:57 AM CST
Wow! McLeod, only one attack on America? I seem to recall a prior attack on the WTC, in 93. And, reports of other foiled attacks since 9/11 (shoe bomber ring any bells?). You can not argue “the ends justify the means” by saying nothing new HAS happened, when the action plan was (and, continues to be) to prevent anything new from happening! President-bashing only slows down progress. Unless anyone posting here is privy to the top-secret behind-the-scenes information, you don’t have enough knowledge to poo-poo either President’s actions. #16… I like the analogy…
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AG
Mar 6, 2009 7:57 AM CST
“J.D., whether the Bush policies “helped” or not ... [e]ven if the policies “helped” that still would not justify letting Little Bastard be Caesar.
I wish this was a satisfactory answer to the questions i got in court.
Q: “What if the gun was not in the defendant’s trunk is there any other evidence to connect him to the murder?”
A: “That doesn’t matter your Honor, he’s a bastard anyway ... lock him up and throw away the key.”
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Martry
Mar 6, 2009 8:08 AM CST
Guess we all are proving we are no different than the “non-legal” blogs in which everything political degenerates into furious, strident personal attacks on Bush or Obama. You may not like this, but it is possible to have agreed with Bush on many things (e.g., Iraq) but not on others (e.g., the so-called Patriot Act, the TARP bailouts). I would imagine (and hope) we find the same agreement/disagreement possibilities with Obama.
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David Romine
Mar 6, 2009 8:41 AM CST
Licensed lawyers should have the courage to put their first and last names with their posts on serious issues.
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VM
Mar 6, 2009 8:59 AM CST
People, people, people! Is this the ABA website? Did we all go to law school and “learn to think like lawyers”? Most of this sounds like a conversation between non-lawyers. Whether he was a Little Bastard, Hitler, or savior of the nation in a time of actual declared war - the issue is not whether he was justified (i.e., successful outcome) or whether unjustified (i.e., not necessary because no real threat). The issues are (1) whether the executive branch of the government was true to the Constitution or exceeded the power granted to it by the Constitution, and (2) whether the administration violated any laws. Other than that, this conversation sounds like a conversation in a carpool listening to Rush Limbaugh: either you’re a dittohead or a socialist.
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Mikey
Mar 6, 2009 9:34 AM CST
The thing that’s funny to me (OK, not really funny, but rather, extremely depressing) about all these passionate “Bush was a dictator!!”, “No, Obama is a socialist!!” diatribes is that whether you simplistically label it “left” or “right,” it all ends up in the same place—more federal government power and control over average citizens’ lives. Just wait and see, Obama will ultimately use every bit of “extra” executive branch power that the Bush/Cheney Administration obtained, if not more, but, because he will be doing so in pursuit of policies of which the “left” approves, no one on that side will say anything. Meanwhile, as with spending issues, no one will pay attention to Republican cries of excessive gov’t power because they were the ones that took major steps down that road when they held power. I mean, if you’re living under their rule, does it really matter whether someone is a “far left” Stalin or a “right wing” Hitler? It’s still a dictatorship.
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UK
Mar 6, 2009 9:43 AM CST
Bush is not president anymore. Get over him.
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Ken Hunlenton
Mar 6, 2009 10:09 AM CST
David Romine @ 22 adds a bit of idiocy to the discussion with, “Licensed lawyers should have the courage to put their first and last names with their posts on serious issues.’
It has nothing to do with “courage” per se. It has everything to do with the fact that OTHER people, including licensed lawyers, can be petty and vindictive and have infinite memories.
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James Denzer
Mar 6, 2009 10:18 AM CST
Lawyers, including those at the White House, have an ethical obligation to be zealous advocates for their clients and should argue for change, expansion, reversal, or repudiation of law where appropriate, especially where such law and its application in the present can be distinguished from the facts and circumstances that gave rise to past precedent. There should be vigorous debate about White House policies and the relation of the President to Congress and the Judiciary, and there should be vigorous debates about this. However, no one should be villified for their opinions. By the way, these same debates raged between the branches of government at the founding of the nation, and in those days, there was no Al Quida and 3,000 civilians had not been slaughtered by terrorists on American soil. Different times call for different solutions. However, Bush’s exercise of executive authority in the extreme and in time of crisis is nothing new. That’s why I’m surprise that folks seem to be horrified by Bush’s conduct. Other presidents have acted in similar fastion. Adams did the alien and sedition act, Lincoln suspended habeous corpus, and FDR locked up a lot of loyal Americans who happened to be of Japanese ancestry.
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J. S. Norman, Jr.
Mar 6, 2009 10:53 AM CST
And these guys are lawyers? I’m sure that “facts” are what will win the case. The jury will make the “conclusions.” So,I am seeing in this a lot of lawyers acting like the jury instead of clearly making their case with “facts.” What a pittiful display of lawyers. what f t
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Andy the Lawyer
Mar 6, 2009 10:57 AM CST
There may be some reason why John Yoo and the other authors of the memos authorizing torture and elevating the American president to the status of American God-Emperor haven’t yet been disbarred for extreme professional incompetence. But I can’t come up with one.
The least surprising headline of any ABA Journal blog story this week is: ‘John Woo says His Memos Were Not For Public Consumption.” I don’t blame him. No lawyer with an ounce of shame would have wanted anyone to know he’d written such nonsense.
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RPA
Mar 6, 2009 11:22 AM CST
blah, blah, blah?!!? this from a lawyer?!!? these are extraordinarily serious issues about our form of government. Over the past century executive powers have tended to increase, powers claimed by one President are retained by the next. These aren’t merely partisan issues on which your opinion of Bush should govern your opinion of the memos.
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J.D.
Mar 6, 2009 11:23 AM CST
The problem for a lot of commenters is that they live in a theoretical world, not reality. They support bombing after bombing within the U.S. if it means upholding their interpretation of the Constitution.
Conservatives generally abhor anything that seems to be in conflict with the Constitution—but many understand that nothing matters if we’re all dead. So they support temporary protective measures.
Liberals think the Constitution is a “living document” and can be changed at will—- unless, of course, the change would protect lives. Then, it cannot be changed at all. Libs want us to die.
Mikey is spot on. The problem is that both Bush and Obama have built a bigger government that will control each of our lives in one way or another. Looking at growth of gov’t, Bush makes Clinton look like the greater conservative.
As for VA Carney’s “chihuahua & lion” metaphor, the problem McLoed has is that he is trying to argue that lions are everywhere and are attacking the girl and her dog—with no actual evidence to back it up.
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Mikey
Mar 6, 2009 11:23 AM CST
So Andy, and all the others who are upset about the Bush Admin power grab (which, full disclosure, includes myself), how do you feel about the current Democratic members of Congress, many of whom are lawyers, proposing legislation to give the District of Columbia representation in Congress? All of them took an oath to uphold the Constitution, yet the proposed legislation would blatantly violate the plain terms of same. But, of course, why let a little thing like the Constitution stand in the way of getting another reliably Democratic vote. Isn’t it interesting how almost all of those on the left, who are all up in arms about Constitutional rights when it’s Bush or some other GOP’er allegedly violating them, are silent when their own party does the same thing or worse?
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Mikey
Mar 6, 2009 11:36 AM CST
J.D. - funny you mention Clinton, because I made exactly that comment to a liberal friend of mine just yesterday who was a big Clinton fan back in the day - “your guy is sure looking good in hindsight now, compared to our current and immediate past presidents!!”
#27 - great points.
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Linda
Mar 6, 2009 11:37 AM CST
Gee Tim - think you have your presidents mixed up already. Bush was without any doubt the classic puppet on a string - lead around by Cheney, Rumsfeld & all those other neonazis in suits. The man established over & over that he cannot think for himself. How many times did he embarrass this country when he tried to think on his feet in public or screwed up a prepared speech? (can’t imagine what idiotic behavior took place behind closed doors) - Yes it may have made great comedy at times but the fact of the matter is that it became truly humiliating to watch the leader of the free world open his mouth- not withstanding his philosophies in action. Geez, how much proof do you need??
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mdw
Mar 6, 2009 12:25 PM CST
Regardless of Bush’s intelligence and independence during his terms in office, the fact remains that Yoo and others went above and beyond in their memos for support of presidential power. I would recommend reading the memos, arguing the conclusions in the same, instead of personally attacking the current and past presidents. We have no proof showing that Obama will continue in the spirit of the Yoo memos and we only know that Bush presided during the time the memos were written, but as that is past, we should really stop focusing on him as we can’t fix the past. (Unless some of you insulting Bush own a time machine). So, lets take this moment in history as a lesson and move forward, ensuring such reprehensible memos are not enforced in the future. I know, I know, it sounds like a mature course of action. Oppsie.
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Andy the Lawyer
Mar 6, 2009 12:37 PM CST
Responding to Mikey—I agree that unless and until D.C. becomes a state, any law purporting to grant it voting representative status in Congress would be unconstitutional. I’d expect the federal courts to invalidate any such statute. My disdain for our government’s ineptitude since the turn of the century isn’t llimited to the White House.
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res
Mar 6, 2009 12:47 PM CST
Admittedly, I was never a fan of Bush. Moreover, I supported Obama during his campaign, and will continue to support his efforts at “change” provided that they are constitutionally bounded. To the conservatives posting here, let it be clear: I will not support Obama should he step outside of constitutional authority (and don’t support any Congressional attempts do circumvent the Const. either). However, it is difficult to forget how conservatives, by and large, whether or not you count yourselves among them, raised their voices to silence dissenters from the left in the years following 9/11/01, whose cries against the unconstitutional use of governmental power fell upon your deaf ears. From the very way in which Bush took office, to the Patriot Act, Guantanamo Bay, wiretaps, attempts to subvert habeas corpus, torture, etc. etc. etc., virtually the entire administration was rife with constitutionally infirm actions and opinions. This latest story does not add anything to the claims made over the last 8+ years, but merely confirms what many of us more than suspected all along. So, while the strength of my convictions afford me the ability to question “my” president’s decisions, where were you when “Our Federalism” was being seriously undermined by “your” president?
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Mike Appleton
Mar 6, 2009 12:56 PM CST
When I first started reading the posts, I was a bit startled since most of the comments appear written by disgruntled and inarticulate Young Republicans. I have actually been reading (and wading) through the memos. I’m not a law professor, but I’ve been in practice for 35 years and have learned a few things. Prof. Yoo’s theories of presidential power are positively chilling, even to someone in an advanced stage of cynicism. However, I am just as concerned by the historical truth the past eight years have reinforced: if enough fear is planted in the collective psyche of a nation, people will readily embrace totalitarian governance. I would feel a little more confident in the legal profession had I read more comments on this thread which suggested at least an inkling of the implications of the Yoo memos.
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JohnyLaw
Mar 6, 2009 1:09 PM CST
News Flash - Law professors shocked that the real world is far different than the academic garbage they teach. That 1 year working at a plush firm was a great foundation for becoming a law professor!
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JohnyLaw
Mar 6, 2009 1:11 PM CST
Law professors know NOTHING about REAL law. Thus, their opinions are as WORTHLESS as their teaching (and themselves).
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B. McLeod
Mar 6, 2009 1:18 PM CST
Mike Appleton is right. This is how totalitarians always start their play. Stir up as much panic as possible, then promise to “protect” the people, in exchange for the mere abandonment of all legal rights and civil liberties.
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Litigator
Mar 6, 2009 1:38 PM CST
How can anyone justify tapping American citizens’ phones without a warrant? 1Ls know better than that. How can one justify the arbitrary deportation of Americans with dual citizenship to their second country under the guise of suspicion of terrorism? Where in the constitution did the president or the executive have broad powers to arrest and detain, toture and use violence to coerce a confession? Where in the constitution does the executive have power to detain people interminably without trial? There is no better example of presidential dictatorship than this.
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VA Carney
Mar 6, 2009 1:49 PM CST
Let’s make one thing clear: zealots like David Addington acted on their lunatic fantasy of the expansion of executive authority, especially with such trickery as “signing statements”, which effectively usurped the authority of the legislative branch. The far-right had been smarting since Watergate, which, in their view, undercut and circumscribed the omnipotent executive function. The reality is that Watergate reined in executive abuse of power. Of course, Addington & Co. would never have advanced these principles on Bill Clinton’s watch, which underscores just how intellectually dishonest their arguments truly are. Bush and Cheney most assuredly abused executive authority, and it will be years before we are aware of the full extent of this abuse. Deliberately lying us into an unnecessary war and employing torture in violation of the Geneva Convention is just the tip of the iceberg. Because of their mania for secrecy, much worse was likely undertaken by this vile crew.
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Mikey
Mar 6, 2009 1:51 PM CST
@ #41 - umm, you mean kind of like how Obama and his party are exploiting the current economic crisis to advance their own agenda?
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VA Carney
Mar 6, 2009 2:13 PM CST
Mikey: RE comment 44: Obama and the Democrats are merely trying to remedy the incalculable damage wrought by eight years of GOP misrule. They didn’t create this mess; they inherited it. These Texas oil thugs and their Wall Street handmaidens had no honorable intentions. They used their empowerment with the single-mindedness of a gang of burglars blowing a bank vault. And the American people are left holding the bag.
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res
Mar 6, 2009 2:34 PM CST
I’m confused. Is the conservative position then that Obama and the Democrats should try to restore confidence in a clearly broken system rather than try to fix the system - a system which history has proven time and again leads to crisis when underregulated? I am not meaning to suggest that boom and bust economics wouldn’t happen in any case, but what really hurts is when the boom is actually nothing more than an overstated confidence, and the bust is the result of scoundrels and thiefs making off with the fruits of the confidence game. We got conned; and the bag we are left holding, though heavy, is empty.
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Hadley V. Baxendale
Mar 6, 2009 3:13 PM CST
What happened to professional conduct rule 2.1 about idependent professional judgment?
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Yoo should be disbarred and fired
Mar 6, 2009 5:00 PM CST
Why is John Yoo still an attorney? And, why is he a law professor spewing this kind of misinformation to other future attorneys? He should be disbarred immediately, and he should lose his cushy law school job. Yoo, Bush, Rice, Rumsfeld, Rove, Gonzales, Myers, Ashcroft, Cheney, and their ilk should have to spend their retirement at Gitmo!
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Dennis Juncer
Mar 6, 2009 5:05 PM CST
I must be missing something here. Let’s see, Bush assumed “dictatorial” powers in regard to foreign enemy combatants and identified terrorists and abused their constitutional rights by intercepting overseas communications? Nope, they have no constitutional rights, except perhaps if they are in this country. I’m pretty sure the German prisoners held in America weren’t afforded constitutions rights. You may also recall that great liberal, FDR, approved putting a lot of Americans of Japanese origin in concentration camps.
And does Bush get any credit for recognizing that the best weapon in this kind of war is timely intelligence? Guess not.
Like the man said (#25), get over it. Instead of hating Bush, who whatever his failings were was doing his best in extremely hard times, lets learn what we can from the past and get on with it.
. You’ve all heard bad cases make bad law. What makes you think it’s any differant in the real world?
As to # 46, yes capitalism leads to booms and busts. It has also led to the most prosperous society ever seen. Even those on the bottom have their basic needs met, if they accept the help available.
Socialism, on the other had has never been successful anywhere. Ask the Russians and Chinese, who finally figured out capitalism leads to progress and full shelves in the grocery store. The system needs some adjustments, but lets not throw the baby out with the bath water.
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res
Mar 6, 2009 7:03 PM CST
#49 - “even those on the bottom have their basic needs met, if they accept the help available.”
Isn’t this fact, albeit true, a direct result of socialistic ideals permeating through into our capitalist system? Nevertheless, I am not advocating an end to capitalism, just a reformulation of it - one that sees the necessity of regulation to curtail its excesses. Lest we forget, socialism happens when we see ourselves not as individuals, but as a cohesive *social* unit. If we permit unbounded capitalism to continue stealing pensions from under our noses, we encourage what Marx predicted - a rising up of the underclass to topple the entire system. Unregulated, capitalism will destroy itself and, generally speaking, I don’t see that as a good thing. BTW - What Marx predicted has never come to pass - Russia and China didn’t industrialize until after their communisms were entrenched; whereas Marx’s first premise, upon which everything else depended, was a fully industrialized nation.
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