John Montgomery “Monte” Ward was the second pitcher in Major League Baseball history to throw a perfect game. He got his law degree during the off-season. Days after owners set a salary ceiling, Ward and other New York Giants—including Jim O’Rourke—responded by organizing the first players’ labor union. In 1890, Ward formed the eight-team Players’ League, which had a revenue-sharing system for its owners and no reserve clause binding players to teams; it lasted one season. After retiring from baseball, Ward represented players in wage and contract disputes against owners.