Bryan Garner on Words

Bryan Garner on the problem of time-toggling

Lawyers often make their prose harder to follow than it needs to be. One of the worst culprits is time-toggling—those unannounced leaps from present to past, from recent to remote, from actual to hypothetical.

Nov 17, 2025 9:12 AM CST

Bryan Garner on Gouverneur Morris, the Constitution’s stylist‑in‑chief

The 18th century gave the Western world revolutions of every sort—scientific, political, linguistic—and in America, it gave rise to the most consequential style debate in the nation’s history. The argument was not about punctuation but about the very texture of statehood: what it meant to commit a nation’s founding to paper.

Oct 22, 2025 11:55 AM CDT

Bryan Garner: If your client’s case has bad facts, how can you present them in the best possible light?

Like everyone else, lawyers sometimes find themselves in extremis. A dire circumstance may call for an extreme argument—the classic last-ditch, desperate appeal. The ultimate test is whether the argument wins the day. Typically, the far-fetched argument doesn’t.

Oct 1, 2025 1:20 AM CDT

What does Bryan Garner think of artificial intelligence?

Although we hear a lot of talk about AI, a large segment of the legal profession knows little about it and hasn’t tried it. My own conviction is that whatever harm bad actors might do with it, in good hands it’s a tool that can benefit people.

Sep 22, 2025 3:07 PM CDT

Oscar vs. Jeff: Trial lawyers and appellate counsel do different jobs, and it may show in their writing

Two firms are collaborating on a brief for Julius Joints Inc. Oscar and his team were trial counsel, and the client wants Oscar, who has represented Julius for years, to stay on through the appeal. Jeff’s firm, an appellate boutique, has been hired as lead counsel for the matter.

Aug 1, 2025 1:05 AM CDT

In legal writing, consistency matters

You want your readers focusing on the content of what you say, not on curiosities of spelling or inconsistencies in your own style.

Jun 1, 2025 2:00 AM CDT

Right Writing: Can you pass this grammar test?

The mechanical fixes that copy editors make aren’t just matters of opinion: They’re clear-cut matters of right and wrong involving blunders in grammar, punctuation and word choice. To test your copy editing knowledge, I’ve collected 15 passages that have two mechanical errors apiece.

Apr 1, 2025 1:50 AM CDT

When editing, good direction makes everyone’s life easier

In any office, good editing should be encouraged and viewed as professional and friendly. It benefits everyone.

Feb 1, 2025 1:35 AM CST

Bryan Garner’s 2024 legal writing tips

This year, Bryan Garner gave us typography tutelage, the lexicographer rule and a quiz to test your vocabulary. Here's the full wrap-up of 2024 columns by the Black's Law Dictionary's editor-in-chief.

Dec 23, 2024 8:42 AM CST

When writing motions and briefs, typography matters

Of all the easily fixed bad habits that pervade legal writing, perhaps none is more perniciously persistent than some brief-writers’ insistence on capitalizing each word of point headings.

Dec 1, 2024 1:50 AM CST

Guard against poor legal research with these 3 writing practices

“Not long ago, the partners at a law firm told me of an embarrassingly disastrous trial. … They wanted to know whether I knew of ways to prevent this type of problem. The answer is a qualified yes: While there are no panaceas, certain protocols can minimize the risks of suboptimal research. Here are the three crucial points.”

Oct 1, 2024 2:10 AM CDT

Lawyers as Explainers: Remember, you are writing for intelligent people

As professional workers with words, lawyers above all must be good explainers. The basic approach of expert explainers is to say what would need to be said clearly, simply and pleasantly to a small mixed audience of intelligent people. You think all this is obvious? It’s not. The qualities we’re discussing here aren’t commonplace. They’re rare.

Aug 1, 2024 1:40 AM CDT

In some lawyers’ hands, the lexicographer rule can run amok

As a professional lexicographer myself, I can attest that writing definitions is an extremely demanding discipline. Dilettantes invariably go awry. Yet we have this doctrine that every lawyer is a lexicographer without the need for other credentials. It’s called the lexicographer rule.

Jun 1, 2024 2:00 AM CDT

New Legalese: You may have heard a deepfake, but what about ‘Twiqbal’?

In many ways, the new legal vocabulary reflects the time in which we live. As you look through the terms that have arisen over the last 24 years, you’ll see much of our recent history.

Apr 1, 2024 1:40 AM CDT

Can you spot the wrong words in Bryan Garner’s quiz?

The tough thing about English isn’t grammar so much as word choice. There are so many homophones, or words that sound the same but mean completely different things and may be spelled differently. Let’s see whether you’d have made the right choice. If you’ve read a lot over the years and paid attention, you’ll do well here. Most of the choices don’t involve true homophones but instead similar-sounding words.

Feb 1, 2024 1:50 AM CST